Knowledge, Practice, and Healing

own law or own choice bhg 10

Own-Law or Own-Choice? What Svadharma Asks of an Iyengar Teacher

Contemporary yoga culture often translates svadharma as “my unique path.” The phrase flatters us, and it carries a modern meaning that the Bhagavad Gītā and its commentators handle with greater precision. In the previous essay, we followed Feuerstein’s explanation: svadharma is the behavior that grows out of one’s own nature, svabhāva. In the following note, he places dharma within a larger order:

“Dharma ties in with the cosmic order (ṛta) that is responsible for the orderly procession of the stars and seasons. On the human level, dharma does what ṛta does on the larger, environmental level.”
(Feuerstein, The Bhagavad-Gita, p. 103, n. 33)

Ṛta is the order that moves the stars and turns the seasons. Dharma carries that same order into a human life.

A law that already exists

The difference from “own-choice” is large. A chosen path starts with me. A law that grows from my nature and station starts before me. The Bhagavad Gītā treats svadharma as something a person finds and recognizes. In 3.35, Kṛṣṇa says that one’s own dharma, even performed imperfectly, is better than another’s performed well. The verse describes a person who works inside the shape of a life already given.

Here lies the difference between choosing a path and finding a calling. A calling is also found. It reveals itself, often slowly, and once recognized, it asks to be followed. In this sense, the modern idea of a calling stays close to the Gītā’s own-law: both begin before the person who answers them.

Malinar underscores the social weight of the term: Kṛṣṇa places the obligations of a warrior above Arjuna’s concern for his family (Malinar, The Bhagavadgītā: Doctrines and Contexts, pp. 104–105). Modern readers hear that and often wince, and the wince deserves attention. The Bhagavad Gītā belongs to a hierarchical society, and a careful reader keeps that context in view.

HOW WE’LL READ THE GĪTĀ

A text speaks differently when we read it with its commentators, its language, and its living tradition.

How my calling found me

Yoga drew me from adolescence. When I took my first teacher training, it felt less like a choice than a response. I never thought, “I want to become a yoga teacher,” or “this would make a good career.” My first yoga teacher had left the country, and I went looking for classes at the community center in my neighborhood. The center had no yoga classes at all. I was so outraged that I felt I had to do something about it: I had to teach yoga there myself. I was eighteen, and less than a year later I began my first teacher training.

The second time, in Iyengar yoga, the training was the only path that could deepen my understanding. I was told that some questions can be answered only by committing to the path and becoming a teacher. So I did. In both cases, it was a deep calling, and it felt more like destiny than like free choice. Looking back, I recognize the shape the Gītā describes: a law that starts before me, which I found and then followed.

What Iyengar adds

B.K.S. Iyengar draws the idea of dharma in a wider circle than any single society. In Light on Life he writes, “Dharma is not about denomination or cult. It is universal” (p. 240). He describes it as “the search for enduring ethical principles, about the cultivation of right behavior in physical, moral, mental, psychological, and spiritual dimensions” (p. 240). He also gives a test of authenticity: when a code is “culturally limited or warped, then it falls short of the definition of dharma” (p. 240). Alongside the Gītā’s emphasis on station, Iyengar emphasizes growth, and both readings can live side by side. In the same passage he says, “to stick to ethics is our human duty” (p. 240).

Iyengar’s dharma, which “supports, sustains, upholds” (Aṣṭadaḷa Yogamālā, vol. 1, p. 158), offers a practical counterpart. Practice discovers that support, and personal preference has little to do with producing it. The work is to recognize one’s own law, and to act while releasing the fruit, the same instruction we meet in 2.47.

A fair distinction for teachers

For a yoga teacher, the distinction between own-law and own-choice has practical consequences. Teaching taken as a chosen identity depends on mood and approval. Teaching taken as dharma holds steady on days when mood and approval fall away. The student in the room receives the same quality of care in both cases, and the teacher feels the difference in her own body.

On hard days, what carries me to class is a sense of duty, and my students give it a face. I think of the time and effort they put into coming. I think of their anticipation on the day of class, and the day before. I see them packing their yoga clothes into their bags before leaving for work, and planning their week around the class. I see them preparing mentally for the practice. I see them coaching themselves to come even when they are tired, when there is traffic, when other obligations pull them away from their commitment. Then I think of how they will feel after class: the relief, the breath, the community. And I gather my energy, and I go and teach.

I also think of the teachings I have received. In the Indian traditions, knowledge passes from teacher to student in an unbroken chain, paramparā. When I took on this wisdom, I also took on the responsibility to pass it on. That responsibility, too, belongs to my own-law.

Questions for reflection

  1. Which parts of your path did you choose, and which did you find?
  2. When does your practice or teaching hold steady without approval?
  3. What have you received that asks you to pass it on?

Sources

  • Malinar, Angelika. The Bhagavadgītā: Doctrines and Contexts. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Feuerstein, Georg. The Bhagavad-Gita: A New Translation. Shambhala Publications, 2011.
  • Iyengar, B. K. S. Light on life. Rodale, 2005.
  • Iyengar, B. K. S. Aṣṭadaḷa Yogamālā, Vol. 1. New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 2007.

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Agi Wittich PhD

Agi Wittich is a yoga practitioner since two decades, and is a certified Iyengar Yoga teacher. Wittich studied Sanskrit and Tamil at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, completing a PhD with a focus on Hinduism, Yoga, and Gender. She has published academic papers exploring topics such as Iyengar yoga and women, the effects of Western media on the image of yoga, and an analysis of the Thirumanthiram yoga text.

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